Thursday, June 29, 2017
Biology and Nature of Science: How to write Learning Journal Reflection 3
Biology and Nature of Science: How to write Learning Journal Reflection 3: Learning Journal Reflection Date:December 24, 2016 Work done in the week : At the morning session, discussed about the commo...
problem and issues of Science and Mathematics Education
The Problems
01. Language barrier for higher level education of Sri Lanka.
SriLankan educational curriculum is in Sinhala and Tamil medium at primary levels and grade 6-11 it is optional for selecting English medium. But for higher studies like universities the medium of instruction is English. It is a great disturbance to students while shifting form one level to another level. Sometimes the peopleare very talented may be having low performance because of the language barrier.
02. No proper pre-service training for science graduate teachers.
They teaching at the class rooms soon as soon appointed as school teachers. When they go to the class room they did not know anything about teaching and learning process. They are not awareabout cognitive development theory or child development psychology. It is a disadvantage for the students. The students were faced many problems because of this reason. It is also ethically wrong because the education is a specific change of behavior.
03. There no well-written text books in Sri Lankan education system. The textbooks always changed without having proper planning. That is a big wastage. The text books are needed to give clear guideline to understand the lessons and concepts without help of the teachers. But SriLankan text books are difficult to understand individually. Teachers need to help to the students using teacher’s instruction manual.
04. Examination system is still inappropriate and is not maintain the standards.
The marks were given to the practical subjects like chemistry, physics and biology without conducting practical exams. But student have two practical periods for a week. And government spends more for the chemicals, salaries for the store keepers and lab assistants. It is great disadvantage for the country which is producing the people without having practical knowledge for the working world.
05. Lack of qualified science and mathematics teachers.
Without having well experienced and qualified teachers for science and mathematics the studentsare fail to learn the subjectsproperly. The reason is most of the graduate science teachers are going to other jobs because they can earn the salarymore than teaching.Especially most of the males are not enter the teaching field. Anyhow government is trying to fill those vacancies through the teachers which having national of diploma in teaching.
The issues
01. Establishing private schools.
These private schools follow the local curriculum setup by the ministry of education in the local language of Sinhala, Tamil or in English medium. Many of the private schools have access to newer facilities than state governmental schools. Some people are like to private schools and some are not. Anyhow government needs to pay much attention to maintain the quality of the private schools.
02. Private tuition.
Due to the high competitive nature of exams such as year five,GCE (O/L) and GCE (A/L) as well as London (O/L)s and (A/L)s all parents seek additional help at home and at group/ mass classes to improve their children’s grades and performance. In recent years this has become a lucrative enterprise, which has resulted in successive governments attempting to regulate it. Many scholars have also accused tuitionclasses of robbing the childhood and having a negative impact on the child’s health.
03. Reducing the pass mark of GCE (O/L) mathematics.
Reducing of the marks for mathematics is cause to results of advanced levels. Some says that the without having logical thinking ability it is useless of learning advanced level subjects.But government needsto increase percentage of pass to maintain the standard of the examination. It can be harmful for the future. However government wants to increase their youth votes in the election.
04. Using mobile phones and tabs by students.
Mobile phones and Tabs are very useful learning devices. But students may be addicted to social websites and bad behaviors. Students should be selected only the things related to education. Teachers and parents should be aware what they are doing.Some develop countries are using mobile devices effectively for the teaching and learning process. That’s why the present government proposed to give tabs for the advanced level students.
05. Too much pressure of parents to the students.
First generation school-goers undergo a lot of pressure as their family has a lot of expectations from them. But all parents must care about children's education needs. It can be reinforcement to them and increase their achievement. Each person has different capacity of mind so someone cannot bear that pressure. Middle class parents want to shift their children next upper social stages.
Hidden curriculum in Sri lankan Schools
A hidden curriculum is a side effect of an education, which are learned but not openly intended such as the transmission of norms, values, and beliefs conveyed in the classroom and the social environment. Hidden curriculum express the idea more than transmit knowledge. Other than the intentional curriculum it changes students values, perception and behaviors. While the formal curriculum consists of the courses, lessons, and learning activities students participate in, as well as the knowledge and skills educators intentionally teach to students, the hidden curriculum consists of the unspoken or implicit academic, social, and cultural messages that are communicated to students while they are in school.
At the Hidden curriculum school acted as a cultural institute and ideology of large society. Can divided three different variables of the hidden curriculum. They are the organization, social system and culture. At the first variable of organization, classroom management things are included. How to teacher will be assigned and students groped for instruction. While doing the group work student achieved how to work unity, Patience, Generosity and respect the ideas of others. And techer always talks about how to live without disturbing or without harming others. These things are automatically transmitted to students mind without teaching than other curriculums. Sri lankan schools teachers do big work for the coexistence among people by hidden curriculum.
At the second variable social and economic issues can affect aspects of the hidden curriculum. Teacher-student interaction and involvement of parents and community are very important some time that’s reasons to any issues. Srilankan government school also do more works with resource persons of society. If they have good attitude about school they help develop education. Some government school has strong relationship with community. And also that can enhanced socialization of school children.
Sri lanka has a multi Cultural situation. Different languages and different religions are there. Schools are organizing many cultural shows. Student can learn about others cultures and they may respect others cultures. Hidden curriculum is again and again transmitting set of information about culture. Sri lanka Sinhala school organizing Hindu and Christians days about like that Deepavali and chrisms. And also tamil schools are celebrating wesak and posonpoya days. That is great help for the community of malty cultural.
That seems hidden curriculum affected Sri Lankan schools. That impact has variation each other schools about like rural area and urban area. There for directly impact teachers and principals attitude, management also. Finally that seems hidden curriculum is doing more impact for the Sri Lankan schools system.
Integrated curriculum practices in Sri Lanka schools
Integrated curriculum practices in Sri Lanka schools
There are not available anything alone without connections. Also each school subject has more connections. Units and lessons have connections. Can understand something overall study and learn their parts and connections. And also curriculum subjects are integrated. If can teach integrate something with others that can be more effective learning experiences. “The integrated curriculum is a great gift to experienced teachers. It's like getting a new pair of lenses that make teaching a lot more exciting and help us look forward into the next century. It is helping students take control of their own learning.”- M. Markus, media specialist, quoted in Shoemaker, September 1991, p. 797[u1]
There are ten ways to integrate curriculum. First one is the fragmented model is a traditional curriculum design which separates topics and courses into distinct disciplines. In this model courses are separated into traditional areas of study. Each area is defined as an independent course of study. At the middle, secondary and post-secondary levels these courses are generally taught by different teachers, in different locations or rooms, and students commonly move from classroom to classroom. Biology subject included 14 units. There are some connections. But can organize it separately done by teachers with special skills about unit area. So can select for it same area school teachers. Otherwise school can invite to resource persons for that. Can select four unit or more unit same time. Each student should rotate one by one each class rooms. Finally they learned all unit end of that session. Student can understand and identification connection of the lesson but cannot identification connections of the unit or other subject.
The connected model focuses on the details, subtleties, and interconnections within an individual discipline. It is this focus on making connections. Which makes this model a simple form of integration? To make this an effective integration model, it is recommended that the instructor assist students with connecting one day's work, to the next. It is important to the concept of integration that this model directly relates ideas within a discipline. Teachers help students make connections by explicitly making linkages between subject topics, skills, and concepts. Within each subject area, course content is connected topic to topic, concept to concept, one year's work to the next, and relates ideas explicitly. That model can apply to class room following order. Teacher can select for example biology tissue unite first can explained animal tissues next day teacher can connect that with plant tissues. That is a Topic to topic. Both tissues are can connected each other organ. That is a skill to skill. Animal tissue is a bunch of cells. Also lots of plant cell make a plant tissue. That is concept to concept connection. That content included zoology and botany. So that subjects are integrated. Can easily understand and go through the lesson or unit content.
Nested integration takes advantage of natural combinations. Integration is performed by overtly making connections or creating combinations. Within each subject, the teacher targets multiple skills: a social skill, a thinking skill, and a content-specific skill. Multiple dimensions to one scene, topic, or unit Sequence model is Topics and units are taught independently, but they are arranged and sequenced to provide a framework for related concepts. Teachers arrange topics so that similar units articulate. That model can use to teach about system of human. First select specific system like a digestive system. That system has a duty, organs, parts, outputs, inputs, and process. All are connected each other and doing all together one specific duty. One part or lost process is break so nested model are integrated. After can learn related other body system. Student can identify their relations, similarity and connection.
Shared planning and teaching take place in two disciplines in which overlapping concepts or ideas emerge as organizing elements. Biology and “Science for Technology” syllabus have similar concepts of “tissue culture”. Want organizing teachers with fluent skill about subject area. For that can use only two teachers or three teachers for the process. First I can organize tech overlapping concept by more fluent teacher among them. Otherwise I can select Agriculture teacher for teaching overlapping concept. I think it is effectively than first one. First teach about the tissue culture to both classes together after biology teacher can teach separately biological side of lesson. And also SFT teacher can teach separately his part of lesson. At the process new connections created that is reason for the student’s achievement.
For Sequenced model practice, Topics or units of study are rearranged and sequenced to coincide with one another. Similar ideas are taught in concert while remaining separate subjects. Biology and agriculture subject have similar idea but separate subject. Biology teacher presents photosynthesis a particular period while the biology teacher teaches that same period. That approach can improve student achievement.
Webbed curricula commonly use a thematic approach to integrate subject matter. Broad themes such as change, cultures, discovery, environments, interaction, inventions, power, systems, time and work provide a greater opportunity for teachers of various disciplines to find common topics, concepts and skills. Themes may be created which address different concentrations. Three of these are concepts, topics and categories. Webbing is a systematic process for recording brainstorming. The process involves all the members of the integrated team, and is used to determine the topics, concepts and skills to be addressed in the curriculum. There are many procedures for brainstorming and recording the process. No matter which process is used, there are a few guidelines which make brainstorming more effective. Then select topic and develop as a concept map with topic concept and skills. Therefore select animal diversity unit or plant diversity. Connect the concept of phylum, class, order, and Species with arrow. And then questioning for brainstorming and develop their skills. Those connections and brainstorming session all are together enhance student’s achievement.
The threaded approach to integration is a Meta curricular approach where big ideas are enlarged. This model threads thinking skills, social skills, study skills, graphic organizers, technology, and multiple intelligences approach to thinking throughout all disciplines. The threaded approach supersedes all subject matter content. Using this approach, interdepartmental teams can focus on thinking skills to integrate with content information. The threaded approach takes learning to a synthesis level. That is, teachers incorporate into their teaching strategies such techniques as inquiry and self-reflection. For example, a teacher may ask the student: what do you think about that? Or, what thinking skills did you use and find most helpful in solving the problem? At that model get big picture of relevant subject. For a example can select genetics unit of Biology. About medallions law develop thinking skills, teacher can questioning for social and study skills. After student create graphs and entering data with using computer technology skills. Teacher can ask “what do you think about that? Or, what thinking skills did you use and find most helpful in solving the problem? Those are integrating and develop human attitude and achievement.
In an integrated model interdisciplinary topics are arranged around overlapping concepts and emergent patterns. This process blends the disciplines by finding overlapping skills, concepts, and attitudes found across the disciplines. Much like the shared methodology, integration is a result of shifting related ideas out of the subject matter content. An important process of the integrated methodology is that teachers work together on the topics or themes as commonalities emerge. For model practice select four or more subjects (as a science, mathematics, social studies, and language) and teach with awareness. Then blend that knowledge and some part of lesson overlap. Finally student can get clear identification.
At the Immersed model the disciplines become part of the learner's lens of expertise. The learner filters all content through this lens and becomes immersed in his or her own experience. This model is very important. Because enlarge target and focus it. Very specific learning experience maintained. Often this model apply higher education student as doctoral candidates. They are concentrating their target subject. Can manage this model in school particular student can achieve big target. He or she becomes a specialist on their subject area. Students can practice this model in school. Select Specific unit area and write daily reflection and day by day measure and evaluate his progress. At the grade 6 science student If observe sky continuously day by day and write reflection and get teachers feedback he just get success. One day he became expert his subject area.
A networked model creates multiple dimensions and directions of focus. It provides various ideas and ways of discovering. The networked model is student centered. Networks are created between the learner and various information systems, subject matter experts, and others who have an interest, experience or knowledge of the topic or theme. Learner filters all learning through the expert's eye and makes internal connections that lead to external networks of experts in related fields. For an example engineering technology student note taking and sketch some pictures of his note book. After try to practice that theory. Finally he creates simulation on the computer. After that he selects relevant way. That’s very useful model for school.
Sri Lanka curriculum is integrated one but it is not working. As a science and mathematics teachers we have big Responsibility regulate this education sector. And also earlier mentioned models of integrations should be added our learning and teaching process.
Need of Culture Based Science Education in Sri Lanka
Need of Culture Based Science Education in Sri Lanka
There are plenty of multicultural societies in the world. Sri Lanka is a one of multicultural country. Different culture has more dissimilarity. Education is basic need of people. How to manage teaching and learning process without bias of the multicultural society? Science education is very important for the future. After that science teacher has main role of cultural base science education.
Multiculturalism is the existence of multiple cultural traditions within a single country, usually considered in terms of the culture associated with an aboriginal ethnic group and foreigner ethnic groups. This can happen when a jurisdiction is created or expanded by amalgamating areas with two or more different cultures or through immigration from different jurisdictions around the world. Multicultural societies, in which there is a mixture of different ethnic peoples, bring more benefits than drawbacks to a country. It is believed that multicultural environments bring many advantages for many people, since the variety of races, cultures and traditions will make the country become unique and attractive
Sri Lanka is a multicultural society. There are Sinhala, Tamil and Muslim people. Mainly there are three languages as a Sinhala, Tamil, and English. Many schools are only Tamil language or only Sinhala language. Some schools have separate Tamil, English medium or bilingual classes. And also have international schools.
India is a good example more than Sri Lanka. According to the 1961 Census of India, there are 1652 indigenous languages in the country. The culture of India has been shaped by its long history, unique geography and diverse demography. India's languages, religions, dance; music, architecture and customs differ from place to place within the country, but nevertheless possess a commonality. The culture of India is an amalgamation of these diverse sub-cultures spread all over the Indian subcontinent and traditions that are several millennia old. The Indian caste system describes the social stratification and social restrictions in the Indian subcontinent, in which social classes are defined by thousands of endogamous hereditary groups, often termed castes. Religiously, Hindus form the majority, followed by Muslims. The statistics are: Hindu (80.5%), Muslim (13.4%), Christian (2.3%), Sikh (2.1%), Buddhist, Jain and Jew populations. Linguistically, the two main language families in India are Indo-Aryan and Dravidian. In India's northeast, people speaking Sino-Tibetan group of languages such as Meitei recognized by the Indian constitution and Austro-Asiatic languages are commonly found. India follows a three-language policy. Hindi (spoken in the form of Hindustani) is the official federal language, English has the federal status of associate/subsidiary official language and each state has its own state official language. Further, India does not have any national language. (wikipedia, 2016)
Multicultural education, also viewed as a way of teaching, promotes principles such as inclusion, diversity, democracy, skill acquisition, inquiry, critical thought, value of perspectives, and self-reflection. It encourages students to bring aspects of their cultures into the classroom and thus, allows teachers to support the child’s intellectual and social/emotional growth. Multicultural education was found to be effective in promoting educational achievements among immigrant’s students. Thus, it is also attributed to the reform movement behind the transformation of schools. Transformation in this context requires all variables of the school to be changed, including policies, teachers' attitudes, instructional materials, assessment methods, counseling, and teaching styles. Multicultural education is also concerned with the contribution of students towards effective social action
Sri Lankan school have integrated curriculum. It has already included some multicultural education content. But all are in non science subject for examples history, literature, social study and art. In that syllabus explain more examples about different culture. But in Science curriculum still flow alone without cultural knowledge. Sri Lanka science education still depend colonial era. Some science text book (grade 07) contain as an extra knowledge about ancient Sri Lankan iron technology process. Then teacher should explain it well. If there lot of cultural science ideas not use or mentioned. But teacher can reduce those drawbacks. In grade 7 science text book have unit as a food and health. Teacher can use cultural knowledge for it. Some Tamil students and Muslim students will be given different answers. For example: The food with much protein. For Tamils answer may be pork or beef and Muslims answer may be mutton. But Muslims are neglected pig. Also Sinhala people cannot like beef. Like that situation teacher should have given general example for it. And suitable briefly explain about different culture behaviors.
Multicultural education has advantages and disadvantages: 1) advantages, There have been changes in the syllabus of subjects, like history, to accommodate a more comprehensive and broader version of the past events. This can be seen as giving more exposure to children, wherein they learn about different perspectives on a given topic. Kids are educated about equality, and thus develop an attitude against racism.2) disadvantages, Children from ethnic minorities or immigrant families would take time in getting accustomed to a new environment. This may get reflected in their academic performance, when compared with that of the local children.
Multicultural education is a set of strategies and materials in education that were developed to assist teachers when responding to the many issues created by the rapidly changing demographics of their students. It provides students with knowledge about the histories, cultures, and contributions of diverse groups; it assumes that the future society is pluralistic. It draws on insights from a number of different fields, including ethnic studies and women studies, but also reinterprets content from related academic disciplines. Multicultural education, also viewed as a way of teaching, promotes principles such as inclusion, diversity, democracy, skill acquisition, inquiry, critical thought, value of perspectives, and self-reflection. It encourages students to bring aspects of their cultures into the classroom and thus, allows teachers to support the child’s intellectual and social/emotional growth.
Implementation of multicultural education in the classroom:
Multicultural education encompasses many important dimensions. Practicing educators can use the dimensions as a way to incorporate culture in their classrooms.
1)Content Integration: Content integration deals with the extent to which teachers use examples and content from a variety of cultures in their teaching. 2) Knowledge construction: Teachers need to help students understand, investigate, and determine how the implicit cultural assumptions, frames of reference, perspectives, and biases within a discipline influence the ways in which knowledge is constructed.
Multicultural teaching strategies and practices:
Another important consideration in implementing multicultural education into the classroom is how deep to infuse multicultural ideas and perspectives into the curriculum. There are four different approaches or levels to curricular infusion. They are: 1) The Contributions Approach – Dubbed the “Heroes and Holidays” approach; it is the easiest to implement and makes the least impact on the current curriculum. It does however have significant limitations in meeting the goals of multicultural education because “it does not give students the opportunity to see the critical role of ethnic groups in US society. Rather, the individuals and celebrations are seen as an addition or appendage that is virtually unimportant to the core subject areas” 2) The Additive Approach – Called the ethnic additive approach; it is slightly more involved than the contributions approach, but still requires no major restructuring of the curriculum. While this approach is often a first step towards a more multicultural curriculum, it is still very limited in that it still presents the topic from the dominant perspective. “Individuals or groups of people from marginalized groups in society are included in the curriculum, yet racial and cultural inequalities or oppression are not necessarily addressed” 3) The Transformative Approach – This approach requires pulling in multiple perspectives while discussing a topic. This approach is significantly more challenging to teach than the previous two: “it requires a complete transformation of the curriculum and, in some cases, a conscious effort on the part of the teacher to deconstruct what they have been taught to think, believe, and teach” 4) The Decision Making and Social Action Approach – This approach includes all of the elements of the transformative approach but also challenges students to work to bring about social change. The goal of this approach is not only to make students aware of past and present injustice, but to equip them and empower them to be the agents of change.(NARST, 2014)
Biology, chemistry and physics subject part also included grade six to eleven local curriculum. Normally its goes from simple level to most advanced level. At the simple level only explain topic and example. After at higher level explains theory and procedures. Teacher can easily engage multicultural student at the simple level stage. However teacher can generate different example by student with their cultural base knowledge. Sri Lanka grade 6, 7 and 8 syllabuses have suitable idea imagine their owned schemas. Teacher always should be aware multicultural concept and different cultural knowledge. Multicultural society teacher’s self regulation is very important. And also psychological child development strategies and education sociological knowledge background are help to manage multicultural science education procedures.
Possibly one of the most difficult issues for a science teacher to deal with is developing ways to encourage learning through facilitating students' use of extant knowledge, which includes culture, and language, in a multi-cultural setting. Adding to the complexity of a multi-cultural classroom is the notion that the discipline of science has its own culture and language, and so does the science teacher. The key to comprehending this background is to understand that learning, which is the process of making sense, is culture dependent. Specifically, if we provide students with opportunities to make sense of science phenomena through diverse, multi-sensory incidents, learning will take place. Therefore, students would be able to use their experiences, which include language and culture, as they interpret science phenomena. Students would then be able to compare what they know to these new experiences and find ways to make sense of them.
Challenges to culture based science education in schools:1) Teacher should carefully handle very sensitive issues and conflict of interest when planning the unit. Example: Some units in biology genetics, human reproduction, blood groups, classification of human, environmental adaptations of rural versus urban children. Therefore, examples should select inconsistent with Sri Lankan condition. 2) Time schedule not flexible to adapt culturally relevant science education. Curriculum is general and school leadership considered only the syllabus achievement not the quality of the delivery. Very rigid education system not allowed thinking freely and incorporating culture components. 3) Skill, knowledge and attitude of the teacher. Totally depend on the teacher and his willingness influence the culture based education.To overcome these challenges in schools teacher would consider student center learning method.
Furthermore teaching methodology can use seeing that effectively for the cultural base science education. In that case can use integrated curriculum models. All ten models are can design for multicultural science education. Teacher can give a chance for students communicate their own concept, experience about cultural back ground. So teacher can take opportunity discover all hidden skills. That integrated model built-in connections, inter connections and correlations among each others.
Finally above mentioned all things can summarize. Sri Lanka is a multicultural society. It has different culture. So their needs and thoughts are different. But as a multicultural society we want develop integrated cultural based curriculum for the science education. Therefore science teacher have big responsibilities.
Reference:
Wikipedia .(2016).Multicultural education.Wikipedia
NARST. (2014). Creating multicultural learning environment in education. Sunrise publication
Bibliography:
Mentor, I (2015) advantages and disadvantages of multi cultuaralism.IELTS publication.
How to write Learning Journal Reflection 4
Learning Journal Reflection
Date: December 31, 2016
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Work done in the week:
At the morning session, discussed general feedback of reflection journal report. Reflection Journal report develops student’s thinking process. Discussed again and again reflection process. How to write properly. Of the First part “work done in the week:” write instruction given by the lecturer. Of the second part “What I learnt during the week:” write what was leant in class or lecture session. The 3rd part “My thoughts on the week’s theories:” write what were thoughts about week’s theories. The 4th part “The way I relate theory to practice:” write how to apply, why apply, where to apply...act. The5th part “The way I relate the theory and practice to the topic I selected:”write what is the procedure to apply learnt theories and practice to selected topic. Ofthe part of the 6th “Additional thoughts and observations for the week:” write any additional thoughts of relative that theories, practice or new observations of the week. All parts are integratedand also accelerate students thinking process.
After discussed multicultural society and diversity of people. And after discussed research paper of how about developing Nigerian integrated science curriculum. Finally, we present our 7th minutes' presentation of given topic. After questioning and answering from each student about presentation content.
Finally And also summarized about weakness and presentation skills by the lecturer. As a weaknesses present look at the slide show or computer screen and poor techniques and over techniques without an academic level.
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What I learnt during the week:
I learned again how to write reflective journal report properly. And why I am writing reflective journals. So that will be improving my thinking process. And also my language writings skills are developed.Finally emphasizing a perfect idea.
I leaned situation and needs of multicultural society. “The present day society is one that is extremely complex. Economic, social, political and cultural factors have influenced this complexity. Apart from these, reasons like geography migrations, invasions have influenced. Therefore, modern society is comprised of differences like diverse ethnic groups, diverse languages, diverse religions, beliefs, customs, and manners. Social systems with such diversity are called plural societies by sociologists. The different ethnic groups living in such plural societies practice customs, manners, languages, religions, beliefs, aspirations, traditions etc., unique to them in the order to safeguard their identity. Because of this, the culture of even a single country can be diverse. Societies that comprise such cultures are called "Multi - Cultural Societies".”
I leaned meaning of culture. “Culture is the knowledge, beliefs, arts, habits, values and the behaviors, proactivities and abilities acquired by man as an individual living in society”. T.B. Tyler
“Culture is the collective name that can be given to all behavior patterns required socially, by means of symbols or inheritance.” Charles A. Elwood
Many things included in the culture. Some of are “ Religion , Language, Knowledge, Clothes, Food and Drink, Arts ,Rules and regulations, Faiths, Customs, Ethics, Values, Family background, Economic background, Beliefs , Equipment used, Friends associated with, Education,Politics, Technology, Habitat andcommunications.
I learned what the presentation skills are.1) Verbal Communication. The ability to communicate in a clear, concise and concrete way in front of an audience is the key skill required of public speakers. 2) Delivery. Delivery is how you connect with your audience. It includes techniques such as body language and pauses that give your words punch. 3) Leadership. The ability to establish yourself as the leader of your audience. 4) Selling / Persuasion. A presentation is all about selling your ideas using persuasion techniques. 5)Humor. Lighthearted presentations are almost always best. You don't have to be a stand-up comedian but the ability to deliver light humor works wonders on an audience. 6) Storytelling. The ability to tell a griping story. 7) Written and Visual Communication. Your visual elements such as slides should be brief, clear and visually effective. 8) Self Awareness. Know your strengths and weaknesses and lead with yourstrengths.9) Emotion Management.Presentations can be emotional experiences. For one thing, 3 out of 4 people are having a fear of public speaking. The ability to control emotions is also important to handle unexpected events such as rejection (e.g. a heckler). 10)Adaptability. No matter how much you prepare it's possible for your presentation to go off in an unexpected direction — especially if you involve your audience. The ability to adapt is an important presentation survival skill. 11) Listening. Active listening is key to leading audience participation. 12) Facilitating.
The ability to lead workshops, conversations and issue resolution activities. 13) Networking Skills. If you're speaking at a conference it's important to network before your presentation. Incorporate what you learn from networking into your talk. 14) Interpersonal Relationships.
The ability to establish rapport with an audience is closely related to your ability to establish and manage relationships with people. Legendary orators (e.g. Bill Clinton) have the ability to make each member of the audience feel as if they are speaking directly to them. 15) Dealing with Difficult Personalities. The ability to deal with audience participation challenges. 16) Stress Management. Many people find presentations to be a stressful experience. Even if you're comfortable with presentations, a stressful experience can always pop up when you're in front of an audience. The ability to manage stress and deliver under pressure is important. 17) Taking Criticism / Resilience. The ability to bounce back from criticism and failure is common amongst accomplished public speakers. 18) Problem Solving. The best presentations solve problems for the audience. You may also be asked to solve a problem as part of audience participation. 19)Research. The ability to find statistics, facts, examples and stories that support your message. 20) Organization and Time Management. Giving your presentation an organized flow that fits into time constraints. 21) Gestures / Using 3d Space. Physical communication including effective use of the stage and gestures. 22)Showmanship. Good public speakers do more than inform — they entertain.
Self regulation and well awareness are very important to the presentation.If it is group presentation should be attend time management, smooth flow of members and politeness are very important. Must be aware ethical considerations.
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My thoughts on the week’s theories:
As a teacher not easy to manage learning and teaching process In the Multicultural society. Because students with different needs, different experience and come from deferent environment. Teacher should creative person and also having social and psychological knowledge. Then he can organize integrated learning process without bias.
I understood the so many mistakes done by me when presenting the group presentation. First one is I felt stressful situation. Because my confidences level is very low at that time and all-around this M.Sc course. Reason is I always facing spoken English problems. I have other experience education sector. Always doing and fulfill my duties well. I have 2 year practice as a volunteer teacher soon as soon after my school studying. And I have a lot of experiences about teaching and multi cultural society as a student teacher in Sri Pada College Of Education from 1999to 2001.then I have passed external B.Sc degree of the peradeniya university in 2006. After I have passed Post Graduate Diploma In Education as an internal course. Conducted by department of education, university of peradeniya in 2010. But unfortunately all courses are followed in Sinhala language. These days I worked as a biology teacher and science sectional head of my current work palace. I try my best improve my English language skill but still I did not can fulfill it. That case really risk and great barrier to my future planes. That’s too much
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The way I relate theory to practice:
Knowledge about multicultural society and needs must be help conduct learning opportunity of the classroom.When I will teach in multicultural society I hope to apply that knowledge. These things areteaching Methodology, Examples, Colors, Foods, Drinks, Behaviors and Games…act. For one theory propose many examples but relevant.
Always presentation skills are important teaching and learning process. And also useful for the student displays with their colors effectively.
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The way I relate the theory and practice to the topic I selected:
My topic is photography. That theme also integrated and displays the correlations with culture and society. Different culture has differentReligion, Clothes, Food and Drink, Arts, Customs, Equipment used, Technology and Habitat. Culture has much more things but previous things are can see in eye. Other things cannot see. Photography is visual subject. So studentcan see wellthrough the camera eye. For an example I’m going to include unit as a cultural photo. In it I will propose sub unit/lesson as a 1) Cloths 2) Food and Drinks 3) Customs 4) Arts 5) Technology 6) Habitat
Other example lesson “CLOTHS” Same lesson but student can select different example. Student automatically generates aspiration by himself. Hindu Tamil student, catholic Tamil student and Muslim student can decide what is the location and which color want select.
Food also has different ideas of different cultures. At the lesson food they can study about food preparation, ingredients, and colors, those are having different ideas.
Additional thoughts and observations for the week :
I searched the information about multicultural society on the web site. And also
YouTube video clips. Fortunately my topic is very familiar for me. Because photography was my one of hobby. I have membership of national geographic your shot photo community from 2014.
My account link is
And also I have my owned You Tube Channel. Those things are can motivate students. It gives a very strong message. “The world is changed by your example, not by your opinion”.
I uploaded lot of video clip. Selected my tow of video for telecast discovery and break video international channel. I have reserved 200$ advance for each video clip.
So my experience I think photography is suitable subject for advanced level student. That subject can explain hidden or small but very interesting thing.
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References:
Mar.a (2013).how to give magnetic presentation. simplicable.
e-thaksalawa (2010) multicultural society. Government publication.
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Date: January 1st, 2017
How to write Learning Journal Reflection 3
Learning Journal Reflection
Date:December 24, 2016
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Work done in the week :
At the morning session, discussed about the common mistakes [u1] done by all the students when writing learning reflection journal of the second week. After that, discussed how to ready for the group presentation. And then discussed ten ways to integrate curriculum. Each group presents their idea of the model and how to apply in the class room. Then I learned ten models of integrate curriculum. [u2] The following models are;1) The fragmented model, 2)The connected model,3)The nested model,4)The sequenced model,5)The shared model,6)The webbed model,7)The threaded model,8)The integrated model,9)The immersed model,10)The networked model.
At the afternoon session discussed about constructivism view of vygotsky’s theories. There are two [u3] of the main principles of Vigotsky’s work as a MKO (More Knowledge Other) and ZPD (Zone of Proximal Development). Finally discussed and read about Culture matter in science education.
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What I learnt during the week:
I learned meaning differences of integrated and combined[u4] . I learned integration model of curriculum and how to apply in the class room. I learned to propose relative subject or lessons for ten models of integrate curriculum and how to manage it. I understood two of the main principles of Vigotsky’s work as a MKO (More Knowledge Other) and ZPD (Zone of Proximal Development). After I learned impact of cultural things and society for the cognitive development of student’s.
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My thoughts on the week’s theories:
I understood the so many mistakes [u5] done by me when writing the reflective learning journal of the past weeks. I am trying my best to eliminate those mistakes from this week reflective learning journal. And also my English knowledge and mid-semester examination marks was very low. I was determined to work hard as a mentioned by subject lecturer. I will try my best for the success. Sri Lankan curriculum is integrated. But uses are having some issues. The teachers are less aware about uses and nature of integrated curriculum also national goals and objectives. Integrated models are making variable connections. So I think can develop student’s achievement.
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The way I relate theory to practice:
I can apply [u6] selected integrated model to my class room. Each model has suitable subject or lessons. All subjects or all lessons cannot apply one model. Should be selected relevant subject or lesson. Vygotsky’s theory also can use giving suitable situation of MKO and ZPD. Should be aware selecting MKO and ZPD for the class room. And also can organizing Learning opportunities of culture relevant.
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The way I relate the theory and practice to the topic I selected:
My topic is photography. Photography and “Science For Technology” syllabus have similar concepts of “the light rays”. I select shared integrated model and organizing teachers with fluent skill about subject area. I can use only two teachers or three teachers for the process.
First I can organize tech overlapping concept by more fluent teacher among them. Otherwise I can select Physics teacher for teaching overlapping concept. I think it is effectively than first one. First teach about the light rays to both classes together after photography teacher can teach separately photographical side of lesson. And also SFT (Science For Technology) teacher can teach separately his part of lesson. At the process new connections created that is reason for the student’s achievement.
Furthermore I think organize photography workshops, exhibitions, and discussions with resource persons. Because those are MKO for the students. It can help develop cognitions of students. Cultural knowledge and social connections are improving their achievement[u7] .
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Additional thoughts and observations for the week :
I understood the so many mistakes done by me when writing the reflective learning journal of the past weeks. I am trying my best to eliminate those mistakes from this week reflective learning journal. [u8] And also my English knowledge and mid-semester examination marks was very low. I was determined to work hard as a mentioned by subject lecturer. I will try my best for the success.[u9]
I searched the information about theWhy Invest the Time to Create and Use Integrated Curriculum Units?For both teachers and students, incorporating integrated, career-themed curriculum units into a high school program offers a variety of potential benefits. Lipson et al. (1993) examined research on integrated curricula and student learning and described the following links between integrated curricula and positive student outcomes (cited in Lake 1994): 1) Integrated curricula help students apply skills. 2) An integrated knowledge base leads to faster retrieval of information. 3) Multiple perspectives lead to a more integrated knowledge base. 4) Integrated curricula encourage depth and breadth in learning.Sri Lankan curriculum is integrated. But uses are having some issues. The teachers are less aware about uses and nature of integrated curriculum also national goals and objectives. Integrated models are making variable connections. So I think can develop students achievement. Two of the main principles of Vigotsky’s theory MKO (More Knowledge Other) and ZPD (Zone of Proximal Development) are remained my past life with my parents. They were not higher educated but my farther talk more about books, Other society , Other country, Other planate and positive thinking. He was a great story teller. He can make a suitable story for the relevant situations. At that time no TV or Internet facilities but his story can make imagination more than reality. I think that knowledge helped me.
One of the last Vygotsky's private notebook entries “This is the final thing I have done in psychology – and I will like Moses die at the summit, having glimpsed the promised land but without setting foot on it. Farewell, dear creations. The rest is silence.”
That statement is very powerful and can make me cry.
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References:
Lipson, M., Valencia, S., Wixson, K., and Peters, C. (1993). Integration and Thematic Teaching: Integration to Improve Teaching and Learning.[u10]
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Bibliography:
Wikipedia (2016, December) vigotsky.
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[u1]What are they? That should have been described here.
[u3]Wrong. There are many, but we discussed only two.
[u4]Brief details are necessary.
[u5]Details should have been presented here.
[u6]How? Write the details.
[u7]Your idea is not clear.
[u8]No repetitions please. This was written in the previous section.
[u9]No repetitions please. This was written in the previous section.
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